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Ethanol, Membrane Permeability, and Petite Mutation in Lager Brewing Yeast

Peer-Reviewed Paper


MBAA TQ doi:10.1094/TQ-46-2-0428-01  |  VIEW ARTICLE

Brian R. Gibson, Annie W. Y. Cheung, Muhammad Saddiq Zahari, and Katherine A. Smart. School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.

Abstract
Consistent brewing yeast fermentation performance depends on the genetic integrity of the yeast strain employed. In this study, the effect of ethanol on membrane permeability was measured to determine whether membrane integrity plays a role in protecting mitochondrial DNA against the mutagenic effects of ethanol. Two lager yeast strains with different sensitivities to ethanol were exposed to a 10% (v/v) ethanol solution for 2 h. Cells sampled throughout the incubation period were assessed for viability and incidence of the respiratory-deficient phenotype. Cell permeability was assessed by measuring extracellular leakage of free amino nitrogen and nucleic acids. The strain showing the greatest increase in cell permeability in response to ethanol was prone to petite mutation (up to 9%), while the strain with the least susceptibility to membrane damage showed no petite mutation. The results suggest a relationship between the two parameters, and it is suggested that measurement of membrane permeability could be used to assess the propensity of cells to succumb to mitochondrial mutation under stressful conditions.

Keywords: lager yeast, membrane permeability, petite mutation 

S�ntesis
El consistente desempe�o de fermentaci�n de una levadura cervecera depende de la integridad gen�tica de la cepa de la levadura utilizada. Se estudi� el efecto que tiene el etanol sobre la permeabilidad de la mem�brana celular, para determinar si la integridad de la membrana juega un papel en la protecci�n del DNA mitocondrial contra los efectos mutag�nicos del etanol. Se expusieron dos cepas de levadura (con diferentes sensitividades al etanol) a una soluci�n de etanol al 10% (v/v) durante 2 h. Las c�lulas fueron testadas a lo largo del per�odo de incubaci�n para determinar su viabilidad y la incidencia del fenotipo de deficiencia respiratoria (c�lulas �petite�). La permeabilidad de las c�lulas fue medida mediante la medici�n de la p�rdida extracelular de FAN (nitr�geno amino libre) y de �cido nucleico. La cepa con mayor aumento de su permeabilidad celular por causa del etanol era susceptible a la mutaci�n a c�lulas �petite� (hasta 9%), mientras que la cepa con la menor susceptibilidad de la membrana no dio indicios de mutaci�n �petite.� Los resultados sugieren que s� existe una relaci�n entre los dos par�metros, lo que a su vez sugiere que se podr�a medir la permeabilidad de la membrana como una manera de evaluar la propensi�n de las c�lulas a ser afectadas por una mutaci�n mitocondrial bajo condiciones estresantes.

Palabras claves: levadura �lager,� mutaci�n �petite,� permeabilidad de la membrana

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